The printed circuit board sits at the heart of every electronic system, serving as the foundation upon which signal integrity either thrives or collapses. When your designs operate in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave spectrum—above 1 GHz—subs...

Every PCB substrate material influences how electrical signals propagate through copper traces, but at high frequencies this influence becomes the dominant factor determining whether a design succeeds or fails. The dielectric constant (Dk) and diss...

When signal frequencies climb past a few gigahertz, the properties of PCB materials stop being background physics and start being the primary determinants of circuit performance. At 10 GHz, a dielectric that behaves perfectly fine at 100 MHz can in...